• Students use scales (architects, metric, civil, and mechanical).
• Students use drawing equipment.
• Students use drafting media.
• Students use common symbols and abbreviations.
• Students demonstrate lettering styles.
• Students perform freehand lettering.
• Students properly sketch a drawing.
• Students apply basic dimension techniques.

• Lettering: Given functional criteria of a problem and necessary conventions, students apply appropriate lettering for that application using correct tools, media, and materials.

Standard 2: Orthographic Drawing Students will understand, identify and correctly use the alphabet of lines, and will develop an object graphically using appropriate projection techniques.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students use the six principle views.
• Students demonstrate materials of projection.
• Students differentiate line procedure (priority).

• Orthographic Drawing:
• Given specific criteria and necessary conventions of a problem, students accurately develop and draw the given object graphically using appropriate techniques, tools, and equipment.

Standard 3: Sectioning Students will understand section view applications/functions. They will incorporate section views and appropriate cutting planes to clarify hidden features or objects on drawings.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students use sectional symbols.
• Students draw types of sections.

• Sectioning: Given a set of working drawings, students identify the appropriate type of section(s), and placement of cutting plane(s) for greatest clarification of hidden features and details, and apply this information correctly to the drawings.

Standard 4: Pictorial Drawing Students will understand the structure, components, types, sequential construction methods, and applications of pictorial assemblies, and will draw objects accurately in pictorial format.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students construct axonometric drawings.
• Students construct oblique drawings.
• Students construct perspective drawings.

• Pictorial Projection: Students choose a method of pictorial projection and draw an assembly of a simple multipart object.

Standard 5: Computer-Aided Drafting/Design and Operations Students will understand how to use the appropriate hardware and design software to create geometry and apply dimensioning practices to complete drawings. Drawings are to be organized using accepted CAD procedures. They will apply appropriate software file-management procedures. Students will produce hard copies of the completed drawings and provide electronic files for a variety of graphic outputs.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students operate CAD equipment and peripheral equipment.
• Students manage data.
• Students apply CAD to generate drawings.
• Students store and retrieve drawings.

• Computer Aided Drafting/Design and Operations: Students complete drafting design problems in several drafting disciplines using correct drafting conventions and then apply appropriate dimensioning standards. ANSI Y14.5, architectural, electrical and metric standards are applied to the respective drawings. Students organize drawing according to accepted CAD procedures using prototypes for A-E paper sizes, which include layers, colors and all applicable parameters. Students keep records of all files on log sheets, organize them into categories, and keep backups of all files. Completed solutions are output to a variety of hard copy devices and/or are prepared for use in shading and animation software. Students prepare a variety of file formats and understand how they are used to transfer files.

Standard 6: Research and Design Students will understand research and design strategies that are environmentally safe and appropriate to manufacturing and/or construction product development in selected technologies. They will incorporate research and design strategies as they relate to the universal problem-solving approach in the development of manufacturing and/or construction products.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students determine client needs.
• Students understand environmentally safe criteria.
• Students develop a design for a manufacturing and/or construction product to meet a client’s needs.
• Students evaluate the product in light of its function and meeting the client’s needs.

• Bridge Design: Students, individually or in small groups, are given the problem of constructing a bridge made of 30 poly beams, capable of supporting a load of 354 ml of liquid that must traverse a 300 mm span. The only bonding material is 500 mm of masking tape. They will investigate the problem, determine a solution and complete a set of plans for their design solution, and test their bridge. They will complete a written report defending their design solution and describing their test results.

Standard 7: Mechanical Drafting Students will understand concepts of mechanical drafting.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students calculate and apply correct tolerance conventions to drawings.
• Students select and use the appropriate materials and methods to reproduce original drawings.
• Students organize and complete an assembly drawing using information collected from detail drawings.
• Students develop geometry of three-dimensional objects and manipulate the drawings, applying hidden line removal, shading, and animation.
• Students construct, structure, form, design, and geometrically define objects and surfaces.
• Students utilize primary and, when applicable, secondary auxiliary planes and revolutions.
• Students apply the symbology with respect to the function of the parts and design intent.
• Students develop and draw flat layouts of a variety of objects.
• Students complete the various types of working drawings using appropriate line work, symbology, and current standards.
• Students complete piping drawings to current industry standards using appropriate symbols.

• Working Drawings: Students arrange and interpret a group of detail drawings into their assembly drawings. Students produce correct detail drawings as required for these assembly drawings. The assembled drawing will then be organized into a working drawing.

Standard 8: Architectural Drafting Students will understand concepts of architectural drafting. They will explain the technological changes that have occurred throughout the history of architectural drafting. They will select and use professional architectural drawing procedures that are consistent with current industry standards, develop architectural working drawings using current industry standards, and complete structural drawings to current industry standards.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students sketch residential preliminary layouts.
• Students construct plot plans.
• Students design and construct residential floor plan.
• Students dimension floor plans.
• Students construct foundation plans.
• Students construct typical wood frame wall section drawings.
• Students construct architectural elevations.
• Students construct residential roof framing plans.
• Students construct residential electrical plans.
• Students construct architectural plumbing system plans.
• Students prepare windows, door, and finish schedules.
• Students construct stair detail drawings.
• Students construct fireplace detail drawings.

• Construction Details: Students draw, to scale, various parts of a building as individuals or as a group project. Students develop and draw, to scale, typical wood and concrete foundation details. Students calculate and draw to scale typical door and window openings including all framing members from predetermined criteria and draw, to scale, a typical wall framing plan. Students draw, to scale, a longitudinal section and a transverse section of a building. Students complete a detail sheet representing commonly used eave or overhang details. Students draw, to scale, the head, jamb, and sill of commonly used doors and windows. Students draw stair details and typical fireplace detail. Students draw framing details at the floor and top plate for post and beam construction.

Standard 9: Electronic Drafting and Diagrams Students will understand electronic drafting and diagrams. They will classify and use various electronic components, symbols, abbreviations, media, and standards of electronic drawings to draw appropriate block, schematic, wire and cable, and logic diagrams using current industry standards.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students use electronic component symbols.
• Students draw block diagrams.
• Students draw schematic diagrams.
• Students draw wire and cable diagrams.
• Students draw logic diagrams.

• Electronic Wiring and Cable Drawings: During group discussions and visual samples, students interpret and calculate wire sizes and their voltage-carrying capacities from a series of electronic drawings. Given an electronic circuit sketch with designated input and output voltages, students determine the size of wire or cable required for the circuit and current flow for this drawing. Students convert the sketch to an appropriate electronic drawing using the proper wire size and voltage conventions.

Standard 10: Civil Drafting Students will understand geographic, typographic, and cadastral mapping techniques, and will apply geographic, topographic and cadastral mapping techniques to drawing using current industry standards.
Examples of the types of work students should be able to do to meet the standard:

• Students illustrate types of civil drawings.
• Students reorganize legal land descriptions.
• Students interpret field data for drawings.
• Students utilize mapping procedures.
• Students construct typographic maps.
• Students construct geographic maps.
• Students construct cadastral maps.

• Civil Drafting: Using a legal description of a parcel of land, students draw the location of the property to scale. Using bearings of line, azmuth, and deflection angles, students draw to scale traverses of specific parcels of land. Students research why there is a magnetic and true north. Using surveying equipment, students survey the school property and locate various features or buildings on the site. Students interview an individual employed in the civil drafting area and prepare a report on areas of employment and pertinent information on skills.